خطاب الشكوى والعتاب في شعر أبي فراس الحَمْدَاني في ضوء نظريات التأدب

Abstract

Abstract : The research starts from a pragmatic study of verbal interactions in the discourse of complaint and reproach found in the selected corpus in order to reach the communicative methods and strategies that can be used in the situation, which contributes to revealing the hidden meanings of the studied literary text, through treating the text politely at the pragmatic and situational levels with the help of modern theories of politeness such as Grice's theory of faces, Lakoff's principle of politeness, Brown and Levinson's theory of positive and negative politeness, with a focus on Brown and Levinson's theory and their book (Politeness); as it is the most recent and most complete theory among the aforementioned theories of politeness . Abu Firas Al-Hamdani is one of the most prominent poets in the history of our Arabic literature; This is because his poetry was distinguished by the power of expression of the feelings that stirred the poet's soul, and what distinguished Abu Firas' soul was that it was a soul that carried contradictory feelings. This contradiction in feelings may have arisen after he was taken prisoner by the Romans, so he came out to us with his poems that he wrote in his state of captivity, which are known as the Rumiyat, and they are poems and fragments that carry a discourse full of pain and sorrow, the pain that produces complaint and reproach. Abu Firas complains about his condition to his cousin Sayf al-Dawla al-Hamdani and reproaches him for his failure to redeem him and free him from captivity, but in return he was careful not to sever the thread of his connection with his cousin in the hope of rescue that might come to him, and out of reverence for him as the ruling king, so his discourse was oscillating between politeness and impoliteness, and this contradictory state in the poetry of Abu Firas al-Hamdani and the Rumiyat in particular seemed to us worthy of being studied in light of theories of politeness that can reveal the characteristics of this discourse that includes On the thing and its opposite, which generates paradoxes that ignite poetry . The pragmatics approach that we adopted is concerned with revealing the contextual connotations of speech, and this modern approach was a revolution in the field of linguistic analysis, as linguistic approaches did not take into account the circumstances of speech production, but rather approached the text as something isolated from its context, and this is what made the modern communicative approach raise linguistic analysis to other levels that were not revealed, and for this reason I chose to approach the texts according to this approach, but I wanted to apply the latest findings of pragmatics studies in this field, so I