مفاهيم الحماية البيئية المتضمنة في كتب الجغرافية للتعليم الثانوي بمملكة البحرين : دراسة تحليلية

Abstract

Abstract: This study aimed at the understanding of environment protection concepts mentioned in Geography books in Literary section at senior secondary school education in the Kingdom of Bahrain. To achieve the above aim the following questions were answered: 1- What were the concepts of environmental protection that were taught Geography at senior secondary school stage? 2- What were the extents of environment protection that were taught in higher secondary school education? 3- What was the concept of environmental protection in Geography text books that was taught at senior secondary schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain? 4- What was the picture of chapters in geography text books in senior secondary schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain? 5- What were the recommendations'? The sample of the study was formed from the geography text books for the literary section of the secondary schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain for the academic year 2005/2006 and the total number of books was four books, while the total number of paragraphs included in these books was 1792 paragraphs. A list was made by arbitration committee that included environmental protection concepts and was subjected to arbitration by an arbitration committee of professionals experts in education and environment. Also, previous researches, studies and books were revised in addition to international reports concerning environmental protection. The descriptive method was used for the analysis of the paragraph as it was considered as the unit of the analysis, as well as the main titles, subtitles, the form of the content in which the paragraphs were stated with respect to being either directly or in directly and the image in which the paragraphs have been stated with regard to the correlation (Either correlated or non-correlated). The list of analysis included Seven main Axis and 52 sub concepts that complied in scholastic community and the extracts were as follows: 1- The wild-life park concept was the most important concept because its percentage amounts to 36.5% which reflects the important of this concept and the necessity to adopt it as part of the curriculum. 2- The concepts of environmental protection mentioned in the natural geographic book are forming 4.1%, but the percentage of the demographic geography book is 22% while the economic geography book include concepts of environment with the rate of 12.7%, but, the book of contemporary issues and problem 214, the concepts stated thereof are of 67% which is the highest ratio in comparison of other books in regard to environment protection. This is firstly as a result nature of the curriculum that discusses issues and various problems among which is the environment protection, other than the other books which focus or other certain margins on the expense of the concept of the environment protection or environment issues in general. 3- With the analysis of main title, it was found that the book of contemporary issues and problems 214 ranked first with a ratio of 81.3% which is a good percentage. However, when the titles are reviewed, we found that they focus on specific sub conceptions, like pollution and environment problems. Therefore, the coverage, however, is not satisfying all the main axis and sub-concepts. 4- With the analysis of sub-titles we extracted the fact that the contemporary problems and issues 214 ahead of the other books with a percentage of 72.6% that centered fairly on environment issue but the problem is that it does not cover all main axis and sub-concepts. The most repetition is in regard to environment pollution and environment problems. 5- With the analysis of the context of paragraphs, the contemporary problems and issues ranked 214 highest level of books in the paragraph which included the environmental protection with a percentage of 70.3% distributed on various main axis, but limited in regards to certain concepts such as environment pollution and environment problems. 6- Regarding the correlation, we have found that the natural geography in most of the concepts has been stated with no correlation and in the text book of the demographic geography it is revealed that most of the paragraphs are lacking correlation in their concepts and that the percentage of the directly stated ones is higher than the indirectly stated and this is a good indicator. In the other hand the economic geography is non-correlated in most cases and what is correlated is very few, which indicates the scarcity of correlation. However, in the text book of the contemporary problems and issues, the non-correlated ones are having the highest percentage 50%, but the correlated ones are relatively less and it is estimated to approximately 45%.