IMPACTS AND MITIGATION OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EV) INTEGRATION ON BAHRAIN'S DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Abstract

Abstract : The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into power distribution networks presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in regions with ambitious sustainability goals like Bahrain. This study evaluates the readiness of Bahrain's low-voltage distribution network to accommodate the growing demand for EV charging, addressing a significant research gap in the local context. It aims to assess the effects of EV charging on network performance and explore strategies to mitigate potential issues, and supporting Bahrain's transition to sustainable transportation. The research focuses on three objectives: modeling a typical distribution network in Bahrain, quantifying the impact of EV charging under various scenarios, and evaluating the effectiveness of indirect controlled charging as a mitigation strategy. Simulations using DIg SILENT Power Factory assessed transformer loading, voltage violations, feeder loading, and power losses under different EV penetration levels, considering charger capacities of 7.6 kW and 11 kW. Complementing these simulations, a dataset of over 233 million transformer load readings was analyzed using Python to identify real-world load patterns, peak demands, and opportunities for charging optimization. Findings indicate that while Bahrain's network can handle upcoming EV penetration levels, higher penetration-particularly with 11 kW chargers- can lead to transformer overloading, voltage violations, and feeder loading issues. Indirect controlled charging strategies, such as off-peak charging between 2 AM and 8 AM, were shown to mitigate these impacts effectively. The developed impact matrix offers a practical tool for evaluating risks and planning interventions. These results contribute to informed policy-making and strategic planning, aligning with Bahrain's environmental goals and the global push for electrified transportation.